HTML Codes for Foreign Characters and Symbols

Sometimes inside your webpage you may want to include an a character or a symbol that you may not know how to make (because you cannot "see" it on the standard US keyboard). The following tables show codes you can use to present symbols inside a webpage.

Please use this index to navigate to the characters and symbols you'd like to make.

For Japanese, Chinese, Hebrew, and Arabic characters, we recommend using images (as not all browsers are yet compliant and consistent with Unicode).

Common Typographic Symbols

Some common HTML codes can make your page look a little sharper. When using the following codes make sure you open and close them (placing the open tag before, and the close tag after). For instance, if I wanted to boldface the word boldface, I would type: <B>boldface</B>

Typographic Code	Open Code	Close Code	Example
Boldface	<B>	</B>	<B>Boldfaced</B>
Italicize	<I>	</I>	<I>Italicized</I>
Boldfaced, Italicized	<B><I>	</B> </I>	<B><I>Boldfaced, Italicized</B></I>
Line Break (Hard Return)	<BR>	(no close code)	Hard<BR> Return<BR> Line Break
Underline	<U>	</U>	<U>Underlined</U>
Superscript	<SUP>	</SUP>	Sup<SUP>ER</SUP>scripted

Here are some common symbols that you might want to use on your webpages as well.

Typographic Code	HTML Code	Example
bullet = black small circle	•	•
horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader	…	…
prime = minutes = feet	′	′
double prime = seconds = inches	″	″
infinity	∞	∞
therefore	∴	∴
tilde operator = varies with = similar to	∼	∼
approximately equal to	≅	≅
almost equal to = asymptotic to	≈	≈
not equal to	≠	≠
less-than or equal to	≤	≤
greater-than or equal to	≥	≥
cent sign	¢	¢
pound sign	£	£
yen sign = yuan sign	¥	¥
copyright sign	©	©
trademark sign	™	™
left-pointing double angle quotation mark = left pointing guillemet	«	«
right-pointing double angle quotation mark = right pointing guillemet	»	»

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French Characters

Typographic Code	HTML Code	Example	Typographic Code	HTML Code	Example
Feminine ordinal	ª	ª	Masculine ordinal	º	º
Capital A, grave accent	À	À	Lowercase a, grave accent	à	à
Capital A, acute accent	Á	Á	Lowercase a, acute accent	á	á
Capital A, circumflex accent	Â	Â	Lowercase a, circumflex accent	â	â
Capital A, umlaut	Ä	Ä	Lowercase a, umlaut	ä	ä
Capital E, acute accent	É	É	Lowercase e, acute accent	é	é
Capital E, grave accent	È	È	Lowercase e, grave accent	è	è
Capital E, circumflex accent	Ê	Ê	Lowercase e, circumflex accent	ê	ê
Capital E, umlaut	Ë	Ë	Lowercase e, umlaut	ë	ë
Capital I, acute accent	Í	Í	Lowercase i, acute accent	í	í
Capital I, grave accent	Ì	Ì	Lowercase i, grave accent	ì	ì
Capital I, circumflex accent	Î	Î	Lowercase i, circumflex accent	î	î
Capital I, umlaut	Ï	Ï	Lowercase i, umlaut	ï	ï
Capital O, acute accent	Ó	Ó	Lowercase o, acute accent	ó	ó
Capital O, grave accent	Ò	Ò	Lowercase o, grave accent	ò	ò
Capital O, circumflex accent	Ô	Ô	Lowercase o, circumflex accent	ô	ô
Capital O, umlaut	Ö	Ö	Lowercase o, umlaut	ö	ö
Capital U, acute accent	Ú	Ú	Lowercase u, acute accent	ú	ú
Capital U, grave accent	Ù	Ù	Lowercase u, grave accent	ù	ù
Capital U, circumflex accent	Û	Û	Lowercase u, circumflex accent	û	û
Capital U, umlaut	Ü	Ü	Lowercase u, umlaut	ü	ü
Capital C with a cedilla	Ç	Ç	Lowercase c with a cedilla	ç	ç

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Italian Characters

Typographic Code	HTML Code	Example
Feminine ordinal	ª	ª
Masculine ordinal	º	º
Capital A, acute accent	Á	Á
Lowercase a, acute accent	á	á
Capital E, acute accent	É	É
Lowercase e, acute accent	é	é
Capital I, acute accent	Í	Í
Lowercase i, acute accent	í	í
Capital O, acute accent	Ó	Ó
Lowercase o, acute accent	ó	ó
Capital U, acute accent	Ú	Ú
Lowercase u, acute accent	ú	ú

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Spanish Characters

Typographic Code	HTML Code	Example
Feminine ordinal	ª	ª
Masculine ordinal	º	º
Inverted Question Mark	¿	¿
Inverted exclamation	¡	¡
Capital A, acute accent	Á	Á
Lowercase a, acute accent	á	á
Capital E, acute accent	É	É
Lowercase e, acute accent	é	é
Capital I, acute accent	Í	Í
Lowercase i, acute accent	í	í
Capital O, acute accent	Ó	Ó
Lowercase o, acute accent	ó	ó
Capital U, acute accent	Ú	Ú
Lowercase u, acute accent	ú	ú
Capital N with a tilde	Ñ	Ñ
Lowercase n with a tilde	ñ	ñ

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Table of Common Symbols

In the following table, two different codes are provided — the HTML code, and the numeric reference code — either of which can be placed inside the source of the HTML page in order to get the desired effect.

That is, if you wanted to type in an inverted exclamation mark ¡, you could either enter
&iexcl;
OR
&161;

Char	Code	Name	Description		Char	Code	Name	Description
	&160;	 	Non-breaking space		Î	&206;	Î	I circumflex
¡	&161;	¡	Inverted exclamation		Ï	&207;	Ï	I umlaut
¢	&162;	¢	Cent sign		Ð	&208;	Ð	ETH
£	&163;	£	Pound sign		Ñ	&209;	Ñ	N tilde
¤	&164;	¤	Currency sign		Ò	&210;	Ò	O grave
¥	&165;	¥	Yen sign		Ó	&211;	Ó	O acute
¦	&166;	¦	Broken bar		Ô	&212;	Ô	O circumflex
§	&167;	§	Section sign		Õ	&213;	Õ	O tilde
¨	&168;	¨	Umlaut or diaeresis		Ö	&214;	Ö	O umlaut
©	&169;	©	Copyright sign		×	&215;	×	Multiplication sign
ª	&170;	ª	Feminine ordinal		Ø	&216;	Ø	O slash
«	&171;	«	Left angle quotes		Ù	&217;	Ù	U grave
¬	&172;	¬	Logical not sign		Ú	&218;	Ú	U acute
­	&173;	­	Soft hyphen		Û	&219;	Û	U circumflex
®	&174;	®	Registered trademark		Ü	&220;	Ü	U umlaut
¯	&175;	¯	Spacing macron		Ý	&221;	Ý	Y acute
°	&176;	°	Degree sign		Þ	&222;	Þ	THORN
±	&177;	±	Plus-minus sign		ß	&223;	ß	sharp s
²	&178;	²	Superscript 2		à	&224;	à	a grave
³	&179;	³	Superscript 3		á	&225;	á	a acute
´	&180;	´	Spacing acute		â	&226;	â	a circumflex
µ	&181;	µ	Micro sign		ã	&227;	ã	a tilde
¶	&182;	¶	Paragraph sign		ä	&228;	ä	a umlaut
·	&183;	·	Middle dot		å	&229;	å	a ring
¸	&184;	¸	Spacing cedilla		æ	&230;	æ	ae ligature
¹	&185;	¹	Superscript 1		ç	&231;	ç	c cedilla
º	&186;	º	Masculine ordinal		è	&232;	è	e grave
»	&187;	»	Right angle quotes		é	&233;	é	e acute
¼	&188;	¼	One quarter		ê	&234;	ê	e circumflex
½	&189;	½	One half		ë	&235;	ë	e umlaut
¾	&190;	¾	Three quarters		ì	&236;	ì	i grave
¿	&191;	¿	Inverted question mark		í	&237;	í	i acute
À	&192;	À	A grave		î	&238;	î	i circumflex
Á	&193;	Á	A acute		ï	&239;	ï	i umlaut
Â	&194;	Â	A circumflex		ð	&240;	ð	eth
Ã	&195;	Ã	A tilde		ò	&242;	ò	o grave
Ä	&196;	Ä	A umlaut		ñ	&241;	ñ	n tilde
Å	&197;	Å	A ring		ó	&243;	ó	o acute
Æ	&198;	Æ	AE ligature		ô	&244;	ô	o circumflex
Ç	&199;	Ç	C cedilla		õ	&245;	õ	o tilde
È	&200;	È	E grave		ö	&246;	ö	o umlaut
É	&201;	É	E acute		÷	&247;	÷	division sign
Ê	&202;	Ê	E circumflex		ø	&248;	ø	o slash
Ë	&203;	Ë	E umlaut		ù	&249;	ù	u grave
Ì	&204;	Ì	I grave		ú	&250;	ú	u acute
Í	&205;	Í	I acute		û	&251;	û	u circumflex
ü	&252;	ü	u umlaut		ý	&253;	ý	y acute
þ	&254;	þ	thorn		ÿ	&255;	ÿ	y umlaut

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Greek Characters

Add &# before the code-number and ; after the number, e.g., the "gamma" (Γ) is written in this way: &#915;

Lower-case (Minuscule) Letter	Number Code	Upper-case (Majuscule) Letter	Number Code	Name of Character	Equivalent English sound
α	α	Α	Α	alpha	a
β	β	Β	Β	beta	b
γ	γ	Γ	Γ	gamma	g
δ	δ	Δ	Δ	delta	d
ε	ε	Ε	Ε	epsilon	e (short)
ζ	ζ	Ζ	Ζ	zeta	z
η	η	Η	Η	eta	e (long)
θ	θ	Θ	Θ	theta	th
ι	ι	Ι	Ι	iota	i
κ	κ	Κ	Κ	kappa	k
λ	λ	Λ	Λ	lambda	l
μ	μ	Μ	Μ	mu	m
ν	ν	Ν	Ν	nu	n
ξ	ξ	Ξ	Ξ	xi	x
ο	ο	Ο	Ο	omicron	o (short)
π	π	Π	Π	pi	p
ρ	ρ	Ρ	Ρ	rho	r
σ	σ	Σ	Σ	sigma	s
τ	τ	Τ	Τ	tau	t
υ	υ	Υ	Υ	upsilon	u
φ	φ	Φ	Φ	phi	ph
χ	χ	Χ	Χ	chi	ch (hard)
ψ	ψ	Ψ	Ψ	psi	ps
ω	ω	Ω	Ω	omega	o (long)

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Cyrillic Characters (For Russian)

Add &# before the code-number and ; after the number, e.g., the "g" (Г) is written in this way: &#1043;

Lower-case (Minuscule) Letter	Number Code	Upper-case (Majuscule) Letter	Number Code	Equivalent English sound
а	а	А	А	a
б	б	Б	Б	b
в	в	В	В	v
г	г	Г	Г	g
д	д	Д	Д	d
е	е	Е	Е	ye
ж	ж	Ж	Ж	zh
з	з	З	З	z
и	и	И	И	i
й	й	Й	Й	j
к	к	К	К	k
л	л	Л	Л	l
м	м	М	М	m
н	н	Н	Н	n
о	о	О	О	o
п	п	П	П	p
р	р	Р	Р	r
с	с	С	С	s
т	т	Т	Т	t
у	у	У	У	u
ф	ф	Ф	Ф	f
х	х	Х	Х	h
ц	ц	Ц	Ц	ts
ч	ч	Ч	Ч	ch
ш	ш	Ш	Ш	sh
щ	щ	Щ	Щ	shch
ъ	ъ	Ъ	Ъ	[hard sign]
ы	ы	Ы	Ы	y
ь	ь	Ь	Ь	[soft sign]
э	э	Э	Э	e
ю	ю	Ю	Ю	yu
я	я	Я	Я	ya

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This page was last modified on: Aug 06, 2007